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For instance, the SHA-256 of the term BUTTERFLY (source) is 8c62ace4f9ef8ccd08ca6fb992a8524bb7dbdc0530654bd254c9da07a660949a (HASH). This seemingly random string of letters and numbers has three important properties:
Bitcoin mining involves three variables: the block, the mining difficulty and a random number. Heres how it all comes together:
Imagine our cube consists of the word BUTTERFLY discussed earlier. In fact, the block would contain a list of recent, unverified transactions, but lets keep it simple. In order for the block to be solved, bitcoin uses a deceptively simple test: If the HASH result of the block starts with a certain number of zeros, the cube is considered confirmed.
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For our example, lets say that we've a mining difficulty of simply two, ie, our HASH must start with two zeros. .
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The difficulty: BUTTERFLY will always return the exact same HASH, and it doesnt begin with two zeros. So what we need is your third variable, a random number (known as a NONCE). We take this number, combine it with BUTTERFLY, and HASH again. If it doesnt begin with two zeros, we change the number and try again, and because changing one small number changes the whole HASH outcome, there is no method to forecast the number well need to address this! .
We repeat this process over and over until we find a number that, when combined with BUTTERFLY, provides us a HASH that starts with two zeros. That number is the solution to the block. Here are some attempts:
This arduous process of randomly trying to find a number that gives the solution is what makes bitcoin mining such a computationally expensive process, and as more miners join the network, the harder it gets. As of November 2017, a regular home computer working alone, ie, not an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and not part of a cloud mining network, could require 2.7 million years into mine one block. .
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CPU mining. In the early days of bitcoin, mining difficulty was low and not a great deal of miners were competing for cubes and rewards. This made it worthwhile to use your computers own central processing unit (CPU) to mine bitcoin. However, that approach was soon replaced by GPU mining.
FPGA mining. Next came mining using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). These significantly outperformed GPUs and CPUs in the mining procedure as FPGAs are chips that can be programmed to perform specific instructions and only those instructions (instead of being repurposed for mining, such as GPUs were).
ASIC mining. Similar to FPGAs, application-specific integrated circuits are processors designed for a particular purpose, in our situation mining bitcoin, and nothing else. ASICs for bitcoin were introduced in 2013 and, as of November 2017, they're the best processors out there for mining bitcoin and they outperform FPGAs he has a good point in electricity consumption. .
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Mining pools. To offset the problem of mining a block, miners started organising in pools or cloud mining networks. Whenever a miner in one of these pools solves a block, the reward is shared with everyone in the pool in a ratio representative of how much work you put into that site the pool (even though you personally never solved the mystery ). .
Cloud mining. Clouds provide prospective miners the capability to purchase mining rigs in a remote data centre location. There are many obvious advantages, the most obvious being: no energy costs, no extra heat and nothing to sell when you opt to hang your digital pickaxe.
Once miners get bitcoin, they are given a digital key to the bitcoin addresses. You can use this electronic key to gain access and validate or approve transactions.
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Desktop wallets. Software such as Bitcoin Core lets you send and save bitcoin addresses and connects to the network to track transactions.
Online wallets. Bitcoin keys are stored online by exchange platforms like Coinbase or Circle and can be accessed from anywhere.
Mobile wallets. Programs like Blockchain shop and encrypt your bitcoin keys so that you can make payments using your mobile device.
Paper wallets. Some sites pop over here provide paper wallet solutions, generating a piece of paper with two QR codes on it. One code is your public address where you get bitcoin and the other one is the private address you can use for spending.